为年轻刽子手的辩护
7.0 |2025年08月02日 |HD中字
简介:

  本片堪称一部现代版的“格利佛漫游记”,改编自斯威福特愤世嫉俗的社会政治讽刺名著。Lubomir Kostelka扮演现代格利佛,在一次翻车后他突然醒来,走过一片森林后,他开始寻找一个神秘的国度勒普泰,因为他听说那是一个美好的地方,在路上他发现了一只死去的穿着人的衣服的兔子,从它的口袋中拿出来一块怀表,他发现那怀表的时间是反向走的,于是他继续往前走,遇见了形形色色奇怪而复杂的人和事,一场荒诞的超现实历险就此展开
  《为年轻刽子手的辩护》被国际上公认为祖拉契克最完美的电影杰作,是60年代捷克新浪潮电影运动中最重要也是最“声名狼藉”的一部作品。这部狂热的,稀奇古怪的政治讽刺剧完成于苏联坦克入侵之后,在其上映后立刻被当局封禁,并永远终结了祖拉契克的电影生涯。大胆的,创新的和绝对荒诞主义式的影像,《为年轻刽子手的辩护》是电影史上对格利佛漫游记最疯狂的一次改编,全片几乎摆脱了所有剧情和思维逻辑的形式和束缚,让观众们完全进入一个象征主义和符号主义的幻想世界。作为影史上所公认的“最伟大的超现实主义电影杰作之一”,这部影片呈现给我们无数古怪而充满隐喻性的画面,一只身穿衣服的兔子,一座专门研究发明创造的高等学校但里面所有的学生都是从不说话的,一个精致的“手工提供动力”的思想机器,一个没有一年中的第九个月份的国家(为了避免流感的流行)。。。我们的英雄格利佛经历并发现了这一切,在他从小人国到Balnibari前往勒普泰的路程中。“这部影片包含了所有能超出你想象的荒诞剧元素,超现实主义元素和讽刺剧元素,是乌托邦式的政治讽刺剧和怪诞的童话故事的一次完美融合。”(鹿特丹国际电影节评语)
  关于导演:
  帕维尔.祖拉契克(1935-1989),捷克新浪潮电影运动中的天才导演/编剧/制片人,被誉为“捷克新浪潮电影革命中真正的灵魂”,作为整个东欧电影新生运动中最独特的剧作家之一,他创作了好几部在捷克和东欧电影史上占有重要地位的影片,1963年由他所编剧,Jindrich Polak导演的《Ikarie XB-1》是电影大师库布里克最钟爱的十部影片之一,同时也是影响其《2001太空漫游》创作的灵感源泉,1964年为捷克动画大师Karl Zeman所创作的《The Jester__APOS__s Tale》是一部融合了动画,真人和奇特摄影术的幻想片经典,1966年他与新浪潮另一位著名剧作家Ester Krumbachova共同创作了《Daisies》,由Vera Chytilova执导,成为新浪潮中最独特的一部杰作,一年后他又为捷克科幻电影大师Jan Schmidt编剧了其最好的作品《End of August at the Hotel Ozone》;作为制片人,他是Vera Chytilova的名作《天堂的果实》(1969)和Jiri Menzel最富传奇色彩的电影《弦上的云雀》(1969年拍摄,1990年解禁)的执行制片;而作为一位极具创新意识的电影导演,他一生却只拍摄了两部长片和一部短片,由于69年的《为年轻刽子手的辩护》中对共产主义和极权主义的批判和讽刺,影片被当局禁映并永远禁止祖拉契克再拍摄任何影片,两年后,祖拉契克也被免去了在Barrandov电影工作室的工作,1977年他被迫流亡西德,经过6年不得志的生活后回到祖国但依然看不到重新创作电影的希望,1989年,就在捷克共产主义政权垮台的前夕,郁郁寡欢的祖拉契克在布拉格永远闭上了眼睛,终年只有54岁,他成为捷克20年的共产主义极权专政下少有的被终生禁止拍片的捷克电影导演,而他的悲哀逝去,在后来被公认为极权主义摧毁践踏所有艺术创作和优秀电影人所犯下的最惨痛的一次伤亡,世界上从此失去了一位具有创新和独特的个人风格,堪称能与费里尼媲美的电影天才。纵观他的电影生涯,几乎每部创作的作品都堪称经典,尤其是其仅存的两部导演作品更是充分展现奇思妙想的电影杰作,而由于他的影片存世很少也极难看到,以至于至今这位电影奇才依然默默无闻,2004年8月,纽约著名的CINEMATHEQUE实验院线与布拉格国家电影资料馆在两地共同举办了祖拉契克的电影回顾展,取名为“为帕维尔.祖拉契克的辩护 -- 重发现一位捷克新浪潮电影大师”,向世界范围内推荐并缅怀这位英年早逝的东欧电影奇才。
  一点个人感受:
  《为年轻刽子手的辩护》祖拉契克的第二部长片也是其最后的一部作品,被后来者公认为继齐蒂洛娃的《雏菊》之后最具独特魅力的新浪潮电影,而两部影片的编剧同为祖拉契克。影片从一开始就给我们展现出一个奇特的超现实世界,一个男人开着车在空无一人的乡间山道上行驶着,突然车子翻下山谷,镜头一转,男人睁开眼,原来是一场梦,男人继续往前走,一只穿着衣服的兔子死在路中间,男人俯身下去拿出衣服口袋中的一块怀表,赫然发现指针是倒着转的,男人继续往前走过一片田野,来到一座空无一人的白色建筑前,走进去,里面杂乱无章,墙壁上挂着一件和兔子身上一模一样的衣服,男人自然上去摸摸口袋,突然总口袋中飞出无数蝴蝶,男人本能地闭上眼,等他再睁眼一看,所有杂乱的东西都消失了,而自己却身处一个一尘不染的白色大厅中。。。之后突然晃动的地板,从房顶上坠落却突然进入一个陌生的房间,一群人仰头观看一头牛被判的绞刑。。。无数具有象征主义的画面和高超的剪辑技巧使这部影片成为一部完全以影像说话的杰作,这部影片在超现实的影像上绝不亚于布努艾尔和达利的《安达卢奥犬》或《黄金年代》,而被送上绞刑架的牛则暗示着极权主义的最终命运。影片中那些精致而有创意的摄影来自新浪潮著名的电影摄影师Jan Kalis。
  转自Auess

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简介:

  Voice 1 (male __QUOTE__professional announcer__QUOTE__ type): This neighborhood(1) was made for the wretched dignity of the petty bourgeoisie, for respectable occupations and intellectual tourism. The sedentary population of the upper floors was sheltered from the influences of the street. This neighborhood has remained the same. It was the strange setting of our story, where a systematic questioning of all the diversions and works of a society, a total critique of its idea of happiness, was expressed in acts.
  These people also scorned __QUOTE__subjective profundity__QUOTE__. They were interested in nothing but an adequate and concrete expression of themselves.
  Voice 2 (Debord, monotone): Human beings are not fully conscious of their real life - usually groping in the dark; overwhelmed by the consequences of their acts; at every moment groups and individuals find themselves confronted with results they have not wished.
  Voice 1: They said that oblivion was their ruling passion. They wanted to reinvent everything each day; to become the masters and possessors of their own lives.
  Just as one does not judge a man according to the conception he has of himself, one cannot judge such periods of transition according to their own consciousness; on the contrary, one must explain the consciousness through the contradictions of material life, through the conflict between social conditions and the forces of social production.
  The progress achieved in the domination of nature was not yet matched by a corresponding liberation of everyday life. Youth passed away among the various controls of resignation.
  Our camera has captured for you a few aspects of a provisional microsociety.
  The knowledge of empirical facts remains abstract and superficial as long as it is not concretized by its integration into the whole __QUOTE__” which alone permits the supersession of partial and abstract problems so as to arrive at their concrete essence, and implicitly at their meaning.
  This group was on the margins of the economy. It tended toward a role of pure consumption, and first of all the free consumption of its time. It thus found itself directly engaged in qualitative variations of everyday life but deprived of any means to intervene in them.
  The group ranged over a very small area. The same times brought them back to the same places. No one went to bed early. Discussion on the meaning of all this continued...
  Voice 2: __QUOTE__Our life is a journey __QUOTE__” In the winter and the night. __QUOTE__” We seek our passage...__QUOTE__�
  Voice 1: The abandoned literature nevertheless exerted a delaying action on new affective formulations.
  Voice 2: There was the fatigue and the cold of the morning in this much-traversed labyrinth, like an enigma that we had to resolve. It was a looking-glass reality through which we had to discover the potential richness of reality.
  On the bank of the river evening began once again; and caresses; and the importance of a world without importance. Just as the eyes have a blurred vision of many things and can see only one clearly, so the will can strive only incompletely toward diverse objects and can completely love only one at a time.
  Voice 3 (young girl): No one counted on the future. It would never be possible to be together later, or anywhere else. There would never be a greater freedom.
  Voice 1: The refusal of time and of growing old automatically limited encounters in this narrow, contingent zone, where what was lacking was felt as irreparable. The extreme precariousness of the means of getting by without working was at the root of this impatience which made excesses necessary and breaks definitive.
  Voice 2: One never really contests an organization of existence without contesting all of that organization__APOS__s forms of language.
  Voice 1: When freedom is practiced in a closed circle, it fades into a dream, becomes a mere representation of itself. The ambiance of play is by nature unstable. At any moment __QUOTE__ordinary life__QUOTE__� can prevail once again. The geographical limitation of play is even more striking than its temporal limitation. Any game takes place within the contours of its spatial domain. Around the neighborhood, around its fleeting and threatened immobility, stretched a half-known city where people met only by chance, losing their way forever.
  The girls who found their way there, because they were legally under the control of their families until the age of eighteen, were often recaptured by the defenders of that detestable institution. They were generally confined under the guard of those creatures who among all the bad products of a bad society are the most ugly and repugnant: nuns.
  What usually makes documentaries so easy to understand is the arbitrary limitation of their subject matter. They describe the atomization of social functions and the isolation of their products. One can, in contrast, envisage the entire complexity of a moment which is not resolved into a work, a moment whose movement indissolubly contains facts and values and whose meaning does not yet appear. The subject matter of the documentary would then be this confused totality.
  Voice 2: The era had arrived at a level of knowledge and technical means that made possible, and increasingly necessary, a direct construction of all aspects of a liberated affective and practical existence. The appearance of these superior means of action, still unused because of the delays in the project of liquidating the commodity economy, had already condemned aesthetic activity, whose ambitions and powers were both outdated. The decay of art and of all the values of former mores had formed our sociological background. The ruling class__APOS__s monopoly over the instruments we needed to control in order to realize the collective art of our time had excluded us from a cultural production officially devoted to illustrating and repeating the past. An art film on this generation can only be a film on its absence of real creations.
  Everyone unthinkingly followed the paths learned once and for all, to their work and their home, to their predictable future. For them duty had already become a habit, and habit a duty. They did not see the deficiency of their city. They thought the deficiency of their life was natural. We wanted to break out of this conditioning, in quest of another use of the urban landscape, in quest of new passions. The atmosphere of a few places gave us intimations of the future powers of an architecture it would be necessary to create to be the support and framework for less mediocre games. We could expect nothing of anything we had not ourselves altered. The urban environment proclaimed the orders and tastes of the ruling society just as violently as the newspapers. It is man who makes the unity of the world, but man has extended himself everywhere. People can see nothing around them that is not their own image; everything speaks to them of themselves. Their very landscape is alive. There were obstacles everywhere. There was a cohesion in the obstacles of all types. They maintained the coherent reign of poverty. Everything being connected, it was necessary to change everything by a unitary struggle, or nothing. It was necessary to link up with the masses, but we were surrounded by sleep.
  Voice 3: The dictatorship of the proletariat is a desperate struggle, bloody and bloodless, violent and peaceful, military and economic, educational and administrative, against the forces and traditions of the old world.
  Voice 1: In this country it is once again the men of order who have rebelled. They have reinforced their power. They have been able to aggravate the grotesqueness of the ruling conditions according to their will. They have embellished their system with the funereal ceremonies of the past.
  Voice 2: Years, like a single instant prolonged to this point, come to an end.
  Voice 1: What was directly lived reappears frozen in the distance, fit into the tastes and illusions of an era, carried away with it.
  Voice 2: The appearance of events that we have not made, that others have made against us, now obliges us to be aware of the passage of time, its results, the transformation of our own desires into events. What differentiates the past from the present is precisely its out-of-reach objectivity; there is no more should-be; being is so consumed that it has ceased to exist. The details are already lost in the dust of time. Who was afraid of life, afraid of the night, afraid of being taken, afraid of being kept?
  Voice 3: What should be abolished continues, and we continue to wear away with it. We are engulfed. We are separated. The years pass and we haven__APOS__t changed anything.
  Voice 2: Once again morning in the same streets. Once again the fatigue of so many similarly passed nights. It is a walk that has lasted a long time.
  Voice 1: Really hard to drink more.
  Voice 2: Of course one might make a film of it. But even if such a film succeeds in being as fundamentally disconnected and unsatisfying as the reality it deals with, it will never be more than a re-creation __QUOTE__” poor and false like this botched traveling shot.
  Voice 3: There are now people who pride themselves on being authors of films, as others were authors of novels. They are even more backward than the novelists because they are unaware of the decomposition and exhaustion of individual expression in our time, ignorant of the end of the arts of passivity. They are praised for their sincerity since they dramatize, with more personal depth, the conventions of which their life consists. There is talk of the liberation of the cinema. But what does it matter to us if one more art is liberated through which Tom, Dick or Harry can joyously express their slavish sentiments? The only interesting venture is the liberation of everyday life, not only in the perspectives of history but for us and right away. This entails the withering away of alienated forms of communication. The cinema, too, has to be destroyed.
  Voice 2: In the final analysis, stars are created by the need we have for them, and not by their talent or lack of talent or even by the film industry or advertising. Miserable need, dismal, anonymous life that would like to expand itself to the dimensions of cinema life. The imaginary life on the screen is the product of this real need. The star is the projection of this need.
  The images of the advertisements during the intermissions are more suited than any others for evoking an intermission of life.
  To really describe this era it would no doubt be necessary to show many other things. But what would be the point?
  Better to grasp the totality of what has been done and what remains to be done than to add more ruins to the old world of the spectacle and of memories.
  1. This film, which evokes the lettrist experiences at the origin of the situationist movement, opens with shots of the Paris district frequented by the lettrists in the early 1950s.

852
1959
关于在短时间内的某几个人的经过
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